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M3 比与比例 Ratio and proportion

概念与公式

Vn=V0⁢(1+r)n,简单利息=P⁢r⁢t

复利/衰减每期倍率相乘;简单利息中 t 的时间单位须与利率周期一致。一般迭代按给定规则逐次更新。

相似图形:长度比 k、面积比 k2、体积比 k3。

Worked Example M3-E

The price of an item increases by 20% and then decreases by 20%. Its final price is £96. Find its original price.

Solution: Let the original price be P pounds. Then 1.2×0.8⁢P=0.96⁢P=96.

Answer: £100. 关键概念 Key concept: 百分比变化对应相乘的倍率,两次变化的基数不同。

易错点

涨、跌同一百分比不抵消;反推原价应除以倍率;面积比不能直接当作长度比。

Practice Questions

  1. M3-1 Foundation: Divide 180 in the ratio 2:3:4.
  2. M3-2 Application: y is inversely proportional to x2. When x=2, y=12. Find y when x=3.
  3. M3-3 Challenge: Two similar solids have volumes in the ratio 27:64. Find the ratio of their surface areas.

参考答案

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展开本章3道练习的参考答案
题号参考解答
M3-1 There are 9 parts, each worth 20. The shares are 40, 60 and 80.
M3-2 y⁢x2=48, so y=489=163.
M3-3 The length ratio is 3:4, so the surface area ratio is 9:16.