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M2 数与运算 Number

概念与公式

am×an=am+n,aman=am−n,(am)n=am⁢n
a−n=1an,apq=apq

指数公式使用时须保证表达式在实数范围有定义;负指数要求底数非零,偶次根要求被开方数非负。

Worked Example M2-E

Simplify 35−2, giving an exact answer.

Solution: Multiply the numerator and denominator by the conjugate 5+2:

3⁢(5+2)5−2=5+2

Answer: 5+2. 关键概念 Key concept: 共轭式利用平方差消去根式分母。

易错点

a+b≠a+b;a−2 不等于 −a2;(−3)2 与 −32 不同;精确值不要过早改成小数。

Practice Questions

  1. M2-1 Foundation: Find the HCF and LCM of 84 and 126.
  2. M2-2 Application: Express 0.272727⁢.⁢.⁢., where 27 repeats indefinitely, as a fraction in its simplest form.
  3. M2-3 Challenge: When rounded to the nearest integer, x is 8 and y is 4. State the bounds for xy, indicating whether either bound can be attained.

参考答案

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展开本章3道练习的参考答案
题号参考解答
M2-1 84=22×3×7, 126=2×32×7; HCF = 42, LCM = 252.
M2-2 Let x=0.272727⁢.⁢.⁢.. Then 100⁢x−x=27, so x=2799=311.
M2-3 7.5≤x<8.5, 3.5≤y<4.5; hence 53<xy<177. Neither bound can be attained.